Negative Impact Of Violence In Games - Free Essay Example

Violence in games impact children and youths negatively Through advancements in technology in the 21st century, people of all walks of life can now access various forms of media. Different types of media shape the current society that we live in. One of them is gaming, a common activity for the youths of today. This activity is a source of joy for many, and it provides many benefits to players. Some include de-stressing and improvement in hand-eye coordination. However, with the evolution of gaming and the increase in the number of people playing violent video games over the years, it is starting to become crystal clear that game violence may prove to be a double-edged sword for youths and children. It has given rise to a colossal issue on how game violence negatively affects youths and children. According to a report by Susan Scutti from CNN news, President Donald Trump said, Im hearing more and more people saying the level of violence on video games is really shaping young peoples thoughts. A report by the Entertainment Software Association (ESA) stated that 64% of US households own a device that they use to play video games. Gamers aged 18 or older represent more than 70 percent of the video-gaming playing population. Also, 60 percent of Americans play video games daily. Another report by the ESA stated that out of the nine best-selling video game genres of 2017, shooter games turned out to be the most successful. According to the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), an analysis conducted in 2017 showed that out of the 1,948 ratings assigned by ESRB in 2017, around half of the gamers are only suitable for teenagers or older. Therefore, these statistics highlight the prevalence of video gaming among youths currently as well as the rise of violent video games on the m arket. Currently, the younger generation also has convenient access to online games. Some online gaming sites have checks that are unlikely to protect youths from age-restricted content.Examples include relying on the user confirming they are over the minimum age or asking the user to simply give a date of birth. Gamers can easily create fake accounts that provide false information about themselves which enable them to bypass the checks. Such games include Call Of Duty: Black Ops, Medal Of Honour and Dead Rising 2. The National Institute of Media and the Family discovered that almost 90% of youths play games rated Mature. In 2003, the Federal Trade Commission discovered that 69% of teenagers were able to buy Mature-rated video games granting them convenient access to images adults would consider offensive. The Media Has Embedded Values And Points Of View. With regards to gaming, the potential message that it may spread is that violence is always a necessity to solve problems. One of many examples is the Resident Evil game franchise. Resident Evil is a survival horror video game where the players have to shoot, stab and kill their way through hordes of zombies to survive. These games are then later adapted for the big screen, and as of today, there is a total of six films in the Resident Evil film franchise. Such games will cause children and youths to believe that violence is a way to solve problems. Therefore, they will act out violently in times of crises when more peaceful methods can be employed. Thus, it is likely that they will hurt their loved ones. Another message that these violent games might convey is that there are little to no consequences to violent acts regardless of whether they are perpetrated by the hero or the villain in the story. This may result in children and you ths idolising these characters in such violent video games. Studies associate playing such violent games with a higher tolerance of violence, reduced empathy as well as increased aggression. Compared with males who have not played violent video games, males who do play them are 67 percent more likely to engage in violent deviant behaviour, 63 percent more likely to commit a violent crime or a crime with relations to violence. Therefore, gaming has inappropriate messages and values that are unhealthy to children and youths as it will negatively impact them. The Powerful Effects Theory states that media has an immediate and direct influence on its audience. It says that media can inject messages into you instructing you what to believe and what to do like a hypodermic needle. It has the power to influence our perceptions, telling us what to believe in and how to behave. In the year 2000, a research was conducted to examine the effects of violent video games on aggressive cognitions. Undergraduates were divided into two and these two groups of people played different games. The first group played an intense first-person shooter called Wolfenstein 3D while the other played Myst, a non-violent 3D walkthrough game. Next, the participants completed the reading reaction time task. A total of 192 words was presented on the screen one at a time. These words were divided into four categories: 24 aggression words, 24 anxiety words, 24 escape words, and 24 control words. Each word appeared twice. As soon as each word appeared, participants are requ ired to say it aloud as soon as possible. Quicker reaction times indicates that a word is more cognitively accessible. The reaction time of aggressive words, as compared to the others, served as the measure of aggressive cognition. It turned out that participants who had played the violent video game demonstrated greater accessibility to aggressive cognitions as compared to those who had played the other game, as proven by the reading reaction time. This is, therefore, an indication of the Powerful Effects Theory as the report shows that subconsciously, individuals react in a negative manner to violent games almost immediately after a short period of exposure In conclusion, as proven by the aforementioned studies and reports, they show that violent games impact children and youths mentally and negatively. Also, such impacts may occur without them knowing. It alters their perception of the world and the way they behave towards others. This proves that violent gaming impacts children and youths negatively and that violent media is a negative source of entertainment.

Asthma and Oral Health - Free Essay Example

Approximately five percent of adults and ten percent of children in the United States suffer from asthma.1 Asthma is a chronic lung inflammatory condition that causes constriction of the airway and excessive mucus, making it difficult to breath (Thomas, Parolia, Kundabala Vikram, 2010). Precautions should be taken when dealing with an asthma patient in your chair as a dental professional. Being aware of the precautions of an asthma patient will help to decrease and manage the risk of an asthma attack from happening in the first place. Throughout my Case Study, I will be discussing a specific patient who has personally dealt with asthma most of her life. Patient Brieana was diagnosed with asthma in the fourth grade after she experienced a very traumatizing asthma attack while playing in a softball tournament in Bloomington, Minnesota. Asthma does not run in her family so, when she had the attack, she and her family were unaware of what was happening. After some test had been run, she was officially diagnosed with asthma. Twelve years later, Brieana is now a 22-year-old college student and has well-controlled exercise induced and seasonal asthma. Throughout her teenage years, she stayed very active by participating in sports and programs throughout the student body. To this day, she still enjoys having an active lifestyle whether it is traveling or experiencing new things with friends or family. She has never let her asthma affect her day to day life or hold her back from doing the things she loves. Growing up, Brie ana was not exposed to being outdoors which is where most of her allergies are. Being allergic to pollen, a seasonal allergy, worked to her advantage to not enjoy the outdoors. Her lifestyle has been impacted by asthma starting at a young age, she has had to make numerous lifestyle changes. The lifestyle changes that Brieana has had to make include; taking medications daily, carrying around her inhalers at all times, being aware of her surroundings, and taking precautions when necessary. Now that Brieana is in college, she has realized that it is harder for her to manage her asthma away from her parents. She knows to take her medication religiously, or her asthma will get worse. With her being away at college, she doesnt have someone to remind her when to take her medications or when it is the appropriate time to get a refill. She has had to grow up and become more responsible and independent throughout the last few years while she has been in college. Asthma is a chronic lung disease of the airway that makes it harder to move air in and out of the lungs, making it difficult for someone with asthma to breathe. With asthma, there is swelling or inflammation in the air passage of your lungs and causes excess mucus.1 This results in a temporary narrowing of their airways that carry oxygen to the lungs.2 This results in asthma symptoms including, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.3 Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood. In the United States, more than 25 million people are known to have asthma (Thomas, Parolia, Kundabala, Vikram, 2010). Nearly seven million of these people are children (Thomas, Parolia, Kundabala, Vikram, 2010). Asthma has no cure. Even when you feel fine, you still have the disease, and it can flare up at any time. Ever since Brieana has been diagnosed in fourth grade, she has spent many years adjusting her lifestyle. Luckily, she can manage this disease wit h todays understanding and treatment for this disease. She experiences very few symptoms in her day to day life. She can live a normal, active life and sleep through the night without interruption from asthma. This is because Brieana has chosen to take an active role in managing her asthma. Brieana uses effective medications and two inhalers to manage her asthma. The medication she takes once a day; every day is Cetirizine. Cetirizine is an antihistamine used to temporarily relieve symptoms of upper respiratory allergies (Wynn, Meiller, Crossley, 2018). It also is used to relieve itching due to urticaria (hives). A key adverse event for Cetirizine related to dental treatment is Xerostomia, increased blood pressure, and decrease salivation (Wynn, Meiller, Crossley, 2018). The two inhalers that she uses are Breo Ellipta and Ventolin HFA. Breo Ellipta is a fluticasone furoate 200 mcg and vilanterol 25 mcg inhalation powder. Ventolin HFA is an albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol, one puff is equal to 90 mcg per actuation. Brieana only uses her inhalers before she exercises or if needed, during. Since her asthma is seasonal, under certain circumstances she will need it throughout the night or when her allergies are bad. In addition, Brieana takes a Krill Oil and Ultimate CoQ10 Ubiquinol, ultimate absorption. Krill Oil is taken as a supplement to lower blood lipids and Ultimate CoQ10 Ubiquinol- ultimate absorption is a premier heart supplement, it promotes cardiovascular health, normal blood pressure and improved circulation. Brieana is a patient with moderate to severe systemic disease that limi ts activity but is not incapacitating. Since Brieana has exercise-induced asthma, she is classified as an ASA 3. With an ASA 3, there are some dental considerations relating to her asthma. Some impacts on her dental appointments include, considering shorter appointments, stress reduction therapy, and monitoring the patient closely (Gurenlian Pickett, 2015). Oral manifestations can be induced by some systemic diseases and can show up in the dental setting. Several medications that are used to treat asthma have been linked to some oral disorders including, Xerostomia, oral candidiasis, acid reflex, and an increasing rate of caries and gingivitis. With all of these oral manifestation Brieana does not experience any difficulty while she brushes her teeth. Since it is recommended that Brieana has shorter or reduced appointment times, she normally needs more frequent recalls. However, frequent recalls are more likely to happen when her seasonal allergies are at their worse. When the patients seasonal allergies are at their worst, patient positioning is a major concern. When the patient is in a normal supine position for too long, a coughing reflex is triggered. When a coughing reflex is triggered, it makes the dental appointment more complex for both the patient and for the dental health providers. Positioning the patient in a semi-supine position will help the patient with any excessive mucus that they may experience. Also, considering when is an appropriate time for the patient to come in for an appointment is important. Dental professionals need to consider appropriate appointment time to help minimize the risk of a medical emergency from occurring (Gurenlian Pickett, 2015). To minimize the risk of an asthma attack happening to your patient while at their appointment, consider scheduling late mornings or late afternoon appointments. In the early morning or late at night is when people who suffer from asthma experience their worst symptoms. Wheezing and excessive mucus is more likely to happen during these times. Also, when patients with asthma are scheduled in the late morning or late afternoon, it allows more time for their medications to start working the way they are supposed to. Asthma attacks in the dental office are emergency situations that are more apt to occur during an appointment with an asthma patient. Some signs and symptoms to identify are if your patient is experiencing an asthma attack include; inability to finish their sentence with one breath, patient becoming agitated and anxious, coughing, chest tightness, and wheezing. When an asthma attack occurs, there are steps that need to be taken to manage an acute asthmatic episode. Step one is to discontinue treatment as soon as the dental professional identifies that their patient is having an asthma attack.1 Step two is to sit the patient upright or in a comfortable position that the patient prefers.2 Step three is to administer the patients inhaler three times t hat they have brought to their appointment or one from the emergency drug kit.3 Step four is if after three doses of the inhaler and there is no improvement, additional measures need to be taken. These additional measures include; administer oxygen to the patient, call 911 and EMS, and administer epinephrine intramuscularly.4 It is important to stay with that patient at all times during their attack. If the attack is resolved quickly, the patient can be discharged on their own. If medical assistance or the administration of epinephrine is necessary, the patient should be discharged to EMS and taken to the hospital (Schwartz, S., 2018). After one dose of epinephrine, the patient should be monitored for a biphasic anaphylaxis reaction, which is a reaction that happens hours later after an initial reaction. An asthma attack can be prevented before it leads to an emergency situation by taking action before it begins to occur. Some approaches that should be taken to prevent an asthma attack include making sure the patient brings their inhaler to every appointment, making sure the patient uses their inhaler before each appointment or when needed throughout the appointment, taking m edication when scheduled, making sure the patient is in an appropriate and comfortable position for them, shortening appointment times, monitoring the patient closely during appointments, and trying to reduce as much stress as possible on the patient. In conclusion, asthma impacts five percent of adults and ten percent of children in the United States. Asthma shows a correlation between oral and systemic health. As a dental professional, it is important to be aware of any conditions that a patient may have and how to properly handle any situation that could affect their treatment. Precautions should be taken when dealing with an asthma patient in your chair as a dental professional. By completing health histories prior to an appointment, you are aware and have the ability to manage any medical emergency that can and may occur. Dental professionals have the ability to not only impact oral health but to also impact systemic health.

Frederick Douglass, An American Slave - 1284 Words

Frederick Douglass is known as not only one of the greatest black writers in history, but as one of the greatest American writers in history. The â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave† fully captures the brutality of slavery practiced in the American South, experienced by Douglass himself. Douglass provides unique insight into the practice of slavery not only through firsthand accounts of the cruelty of his slavery but also by breaking down piece-by-piece slavery as an unjust and unnatural system. Frederick’s slave narrative forms evidence of the inhumanity of slavery, particularly the violence of slave discipline, helping to convince the reader of the necessity of abolition. Frederick’s narrative shows a†¦show more content†¦Frederick effectively connects to his audience the heartless and animal like beatings that were common to every slave, while being able to create personal empathy for his main point. Frederick focuses on various corrupted acts of violence. Violence towards slaves could happen randomly, and death was not uncommon. Frederick speaks of the death of Demby, who merely disobeyed orders to return once, saying, â€Å"Mr. Gore then, without consultation or deliberation with any one, not even giving Demby an additional call, raised his musket to his face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was no more† (Douglass 20). Other acts of brutality were shown in the work the slaves did and what they received in exchange for work. When Frederick had worked in the shipyards, he was badly beaten for the fear of unemployment caused by slavery, an odd occurrence since the beating was not from a slave owner. He details a particularly gruesome account of such falsehood saying, â€Å"I have seen him tie up a lame young woman and whip her with a heavy cow skin upon her naked shoulders causing the warm red blood to drip; and, in justification of the bloody deed, he would quote this passage of Scripture† (Douglass 48). Frederick consistently mentions the use of death threats against slaves to push forced obedience. In one case he wrote how some police threatened his

The Harlem Renaissance An Important Piece Of History For...

The Harlem Renaissance, originally called the New Negro Movement, was a movement that shook the 1920’s in the United States of America. The Harlem Renaissance spanned between the years of 1918 all the way to the mid 1930’s. This movement was a movement of the arts. It has been said that this time period was a rebirth to the African American arts. The Harlem Renaissance is an extremely important piece of history for America. The Harlem Renaissance took place soon after the â€Å"Great Migration.†At this time, African Americans had endured centuries of slavery and the struggle for abolition. The Great Migration was a time period, that began in 1910, that African American people moved out of the Southern parts of the United States to other parts where they were more excepted. This movement was made by over six million African American people. These people moved to a variety of different places around the states, but the largest movement was to the Harlem neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, New York. There could not have been a better time for this Renaissance to take place. This movement occurred at an extremely great time because the economy was booming after World War I and the Great Depression. Due to this, there were plenty of jobs for thee people of the movement to take. Many people moved to Harlem because it was culturally diverse. The area attracted many people. At this time period not only did the middle class African Americans migrate to Harlem, butShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance: Creation of a New Nation Essays1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance created a new racial identity for African-Americans living in the United States, after the First World War. This new racial identity caused the African-Americans to become a nation within the United States. A nation is defined as a group of people that share common language, ethnicity, history, and culture. A nation of people may or may not have sovereignty. Harlem, a neighbourhood in Manhattan, New York City, emerged as the â€Å"race capital†1 for African-Americans living in theRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : A Cultural, Social, And Artistic Explosion840 Words   |  4 Pagesexplosion that took place in Harlem between 1919-1929 became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Har lem Renaissance was a great time period in history for blacks. The Harlem Renaissance included great artists such as Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, James Baldwin, and more. The Harlem Renaissance was a movement in which blacks asserted themselves by embracing their racial identity and appreciating their African heritage. In my opinion the Harlem Renaissance gave blacks a sense a pride. ItRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1736 Words   |  7 Pagesartist, or literature, music or visual art, there is power in creating pieces that move the masses. For an African American artist in the 1920’s, that power was fought for harder and dimmed due the racial inequalities across America. Being acknowledged as a credible artist was equated to being acknowledged as an American during a time where African American citizens were not considered an equal under the law. The Harlem Renaissance, spanning from the mid 1920’s to the late 1930’s, shed light on theRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Movement By Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, And Ralph Waldo Ellison931 Words   |  4 PagesKnown as one the most impactful movements on African American arts, the Harlem Renaissance Movement represented a period of artistic and intellectual change that initiated a new identity on black c ulture. Often called the â€Å"New Negro† Era, the Harlem Renaissance opened doors for African American to express themselves in the form of visual arts, musical elements, and even performing arts during the 1920s. Due to this movement, Harlem became the city that â€Å"gave African Americans a physical cultural centerRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The New Negro Movement843 Words   |  4 Pages The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the New Negro Movement, was an important time period for African American culture in the United States. It was an innovating period where many unknown artists became prominent for their talent and ethnic heritage, and brought upon many new connections between races. As a cultural movement, the Harlem Renaissance brought changes to America that would have long term effects on how art is created, viewed, and accepted. â€Å"The Renaissance was more than a literaryRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Is Embraced As One Of The Most Influential1412 Wo rds   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance is embraced as one of the most influential artistic movements within African American culture. This period embraced black art, poetry, fiction, drama, and visual art. Visual art was vital to the movement, as many artists sought for representation of black individuals as the art realm was grossly dominated by white artists, who gave very little thought or recognition towards black subject matter. The visual art renaissance featured Aaron Douglas, Palmer C. Hayden, ArchibaldRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1476 Words   |  6 Pagesone of the most culturally-rich times in history, the Modern Age. More specifically, set your destination to northern Manhattan in the early 20s. When you step onto those bustling streets, you’ll find yourself swept up in the Harlem Renaissance. The contemporary writers you are surrounded by are legends such as Langston Hughes and W. E. B. DuBois, and the contemporary musicians you may hea r at a local nightclub include some of the greatest in jazz history, including Thelonious Monk, Nat King ColeRead MoreEssay about The Harlem Renaissance1582 Words   |  7 Pages1930’s, the Harlem Renaissance was an important movement for African-Americans all across America. This movement allowed the black culture to be heard and accepted by white citizens. The movement was expressed through art, music, and literature. These things were also the most known, and remembered things of the renaissance. Also this movement, because of some very strong, moving and inspiring people changed political views for African-Americans. Compared to before, The Harlem Renaissance had majorRead MoreThe New Negro Summary Essay1412 Words   |  6 Pagesemancipation. Many African Americans moved to Harlem, a neighborhood located in Manhattan. Back in the day Harlem became the world’s largest black community; also home to a diverse mix of cultures. Having extraordinary outbreak of inspire d movement revealed their unique culture and encouraged them to discover their heritage; and becoming the New Negro,† Also known as â€Å"New Negro Movement,† it was later named the Harlem Renaissance. Realizing that America was not yet the racial equal country that itRead MoreThe Poetry Of Langston Hughes1727 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is arguably one of the best known American writers of the twentieth century. He played an important influential part in the Harlem Renaissance, his poetry and other literary works helped pave way to a new wave of African American culture and literature. Hughes had a wide variety of works, he was much more than just a poet; he was a short-story writer, novelist, and playwright (Brucker). He was also very involved in the Black Arts Movement, and had works published in â€Å"The Crisis† the

Description Of Airport Transfers For A Small Business

The potential service I could offer locally and run as a small business would be airport transfers for my local region. To deliver the service, the following would be needed to get the business up and running: Register a business; Purchase and activate a mobile phone for the business, with a suitable mobile plan that includes Internet access; Purchase a laptop and utilise free Wifi or the Internet via the mobile phone; Setup a website that covers the business information, services, rates and contact details; Setup online payment system that allows collection of payments during booking process; Purchase a van suitable as a vehicle the actual transfers; Purchase suitable vehicle insurance; Once the necessary purchases have been completed,†¦show more content†¦General Internet research to see if there are any other useful sources of information available that can help make a more informed decision. Once the information is collected a decision could be reached based on the perceived demand based on the data collected. Evaluating the competition and how much the competition already covers for the market. Consider if market penetration is going to be very difficult or if there will be limited barriers to gain entry into this market. Based on this, if there is room in the market for more competition and barriers or low, then that makes the proposed business and service more attractive. If competition is high and hard to penetrate than this makes the business proposition more risky and less favourable. Additionally any projected estimated changes in the market should be done as well. If data shows a drop per year of visitors staying in the local area then that would highlight ongoing competition will be harder as time goes on, unless something significant occurs which changes the clientele levels. As part of this exercise I ran some Internet searches on businesses offering such services and found there were many, there were also taxi companies, chauffeur services, limo services and even motels that had their own shuttle services offering services outside of the motel’s direct staying clientele. The amount of competition to enter thisShow MoreRelatedThe Transatlantic Airline Market Between The United States And Europe1423 Words   |  6 PagesMarket Description: The transatlantic airline market between the United States and Europe is the single largest intercontinental market in the world, with rigorous competition between dozens of airlines. The transatlantic market consists of passengers, both seeking business and pleasure needs. Within the first year of offering transatlantic flights, higher income professionals travelling for business purposes will be targeted, along with families and students travelling on a J-1 visa. As the marketRead MoreTravelling Should Be A Memorable Experience1719 Words   |  7 Pageswant your family vacation to be remembered for the wonderful and adventurous expedition you had while hiking in Kungsleden, Sweden or will you remember the hassle you faced when the airport lost your luggage and you had to spend a large amount of your â€Å"fun† money replacing personal clothing and essentials that the airport won’t replace. If you want to avoid the stress and hassle that is sometimes associated with travelling, get a travel insurance policy from Travelex, one of the leading providers ofRead MoreExplain Marketing Opportunities Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesExplain marketing opportunities. Provide an example. A marketing opportunity is a potentially favourable condition in which a business can capitalise on a changing trend or an increasing demand for a product by a demographic group that has yet to be recognised by its competitors. For a market opportunity to exist, a company must be able to identify who its potential customers are, the specific needs that need to be met, the size of the market, and its capacity to capture market share. Example: PolaroidRead MoreExplore the Ups Website1502 Words   |  7 Pages1. What kind of information and services does the Web site provide for individuals, small businesses, and large businesses? List these services. The UPS website provides information and services regarding billing, shipping, tracking, and business solution for large and small businesses, and individuals. Services for Individuals are: †¢ My UPS and UPS account – This service has features such as billing information, account summary, address book, etc; and can be maintained online by the customerRead MoreEntrepreneur Interview : An Intriguing Limousine Driver1289 Words   |  6 Pagesdriving and serving for a long time. 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This meant that they had larger fuel capacities, so when they crashed, the fuelRead MoreMc Donald Essay4915 Words   |  20 Pagesillustrate with many examples from the case study. Analyze and explain how each one of those characteristics is important in the success of the Golden Arch Hotels. Sarah Cloà © Lambert Product Since 1954, McDonald’s has always been in the restoration business, it was only in 2001 that they decided to branch out into the hospitality industry. When the Golden Arch Hotel opened in Zà ¼rich, Switzerland, it consisted of 211 rooms and a restaurant of 170 seats including drive through. The hotel and the restaurant

Implementing A College Student Discount Of 10 % On All...

We suggest implementing a college student discount of 10% on all purchases with a valid college ID. This will attract college-aged individuals (namely UConn students) to the shop and will bring the services offered at Pandora’s Playground within the reach of college students on a budget. We also suggest the implementation of a loyalty rewards program in which every service purchased by a consumer results in a punch on a loyalty card. After 4 purchases of a tattoo or piercing, the customer gets their 5th tattoo or piercing 50% off. Because tattooing and piercing is viewed as an addictive habit, and the majority of individuals with tattoos and piercings have multiple, this rewards program can serve as a way to increase customer loyalty and keep customers from traveling to competitors for their second or third purchase. With the implementation of these practices, the prices charged can be segmented according to the income of the potential consumers. Older individuals with larger amounts of disposable income will be charged the full price. College students will not only be offered a price that they are more able to comfortably pay, but they will also be able to see and appreciate the discount. College students love receiving free goods and services, and the addition of the rewards program will increase their likelihood to repeat their purchases and to expand the types of tattoos and piercings they are purchasing. These incentives cause consumers to be more likely to purchaseShow MoreRelatedMarks Spencer: an Analysis of the Demand for a MS Simply Food Convenience Store in Complexe Desjardins3749 Words   |  15 Pages We applied the same methodologies when conducting a similar analysis of the Montreal convenience market. In this stage of our research we were able to apply more formal approaches, suc h as conducting in-depth interviews with store managers. After all the necessary information was acquired, a qualitative comparison of the industries was made to determine whether opportunities existed for Mamp;S Simply Food in Montreal and whether a repositioning of products would be needed. Target Market FromRead MoreConsumer Buying Behavior8665 Words   |  35 Pagesâ€Å"Goodwill†. Buying behavior of men on branded shirts is changing one. Number of people visits the showroom with a brand in mind because the quality and comfort of that brand are suitable for them. It is concluded in the study, that all the demographic factors and purchase pattern factors do not have significant influence on the buyer’s choice of retail outlet. An attempt is made in this study to assess the buying behavior in respect of men’s shirts in single brand showrooms or in multi brand shopsRead MoreBanking Laws and Jurisprudence Reviewer41247 Words   |  165 PagesSan Beda College of Law, Mendiola BANKING LAWS AND JURISPRUDENCE By: Efren L. Dizon and Efren Vincent M. 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Fourier Series and Waves Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Fourier Series and Waves Analysis. Answer: Introduction: This research paper is about the use of Fourier series and analysis to differentiate the sound waves produced by a piano and keyboard. Fourier analysis was discovered by Joseph Fourier by finding out that any periodic wave with a pattern that is repeating may be broken down into waves that are simpler. This means that a periodic wave that is complicated may be divided into waves that are simpler. The simplicity of the sine and cosine waves have made many mathematicians to use these simpler waves when expressing waves that are more complicated as a summation of cosines and sines with diverse amplitudes. Joseph Fourier came up with an analysis method which is commonly known as Fourier series to be used in the determination of the waves that are simpler and their amplitudes from the periodic function that is more complicated. Sound waves are those categories of waves which can be analysed by the use of Fourier series and analysis by enabling diverse instruments of music to be analysed by the use of this method. The instruments of music produce sound due to the vibration of the physical objects like keyboard, piano, guitar, and violin management. The vibration is caused by a variation of air pressure that is periodic which is heard as sound(Dorfler 147). Fourier series and analysis is a way of representing the function as a summation of the simple sine wave through decomposing any function that is periodic or even signal that is periodic into the summation of a set of simple functions that are oscillating such as cosines and sines. A Fourier transform that has a discrete time is a periodic function which is normally explained in terms of Fourier series. The branch of Fourier analysis if the Fourier series. For the mathematical expression of the Fourier series, s(x) signifies a function of the actual variable x, whereas s can be integrated at an interval of [x0, x0+P], given that both P and x0 are real numbers. The function s can be represented in the intervals above as a series or infinite sum of sinusoidal functions related to harmonics. Separate to the interval, the series is said to be periodic with the frequency of 1/P or period of P. Therefore, if s has the characteristic above, then the estimate is effective on the whole of the real line(Hammond 214). The partial sum or finite summation can be expressed as: The function, SN(x) can be seen to be approximating s(x) at the interval [x0, x0+P], and the approximated values increases as N approaches infinity, s . This infinite summation of s(x) is what is known as Fourier series(Harry 178). Music is a mixture of sound waves of different frequencies. The component musics frequencies are separate or discrete and their ratios form fractions that are simple with a discernible frequency that is dominant. The sound is an example of a wave that is longitudinal which means that the components of the medium vibrate parallel to the wave's direction of propagation. A wave of sound coming out of an instrument of music such as keyboard or piano pushes the air backwards or forward during the outward propagation of sound. This has the impact of pulling or squeezing the air around the instrument by varying the pressure of air slightly(Joe 174). These variations in pressure may be detected by the eardrum located in the middle ear, then changed into pulses of the neural system located in the inner ear, and then sent for the purposes of processing in the brain. Music is a composition of pure tones and can be categorized as either monotonic or polytonic. A monotonic music is a simple tone composed of particularly pure tones such as watch alarm while polytonic music is composed of a mixture of pure tones that are being played together in a way that sound is pleasant-sounding. A sound possessing numerous frequencies such as that produced by piano or keyboard would still be periodic despite being more complex than a simple sine curve(Joseph 168). The difference between the sounds produced by the piano and keyboard is the vibration produced by each of these instruments. The piano can be categorized as chordophone and the part involved in the vibration is the stretched string. The keyboard can be categorized as an electrophone and the part involved in the vibration is the electric circuit. Both piano and keyboard naturally vibrate at numerous related frequencies which are commonly known as harmonics. The lowest vibration frequency is known as the fundamental and is normally the loudest. When the sound waves meet they do not collide with the physical objects, rather they pass one another like spectres(Lenssen 189). The sound waves interfering join each other by the linear superposition principle. With the correct combination of cosine and sine functions, functions of different shapes can be made as shown in the figure below: The process of combination of tones together to produce waveforms that are complex is known as additive synthesis. Music instrument such as piano can naturally perform this process of additive synthesis. Electric instruments such as the keyboard are designed with the mind-set of additive synthesis(Lionheart 149). A wave of sound coming out of an instrument of music such as keyboard or piano pushes the air backwards or forward during the outward propagation of sound. This has the impact of pulling or squeezing the air around the instrument by varying the pressure of air slightly. The piano can be categorized as chordophone and the part involved in the vibration is the stretched string. Since the sound waves from music signals are time-varying signals, the typical Fourier transform is not enough for analysing such signals. The tool that should be used in this analysis is the time-frequency analysis and can be done using Wigner function of distribution, Gabor transforms, and short-time Fourier transform(William 217). A piano sound is produced by striking of strings. The fundamental frequency is the frequency that is lowest in the series of harmonics. In the signal that is periodic, the fundamental frequency is the inverse of the length of the period. By decomposing the complex periodic waveform into series of sinusoids that are simple, the following equations can be derived: The complex waves produced by the piano are a combination of the square waves, sawtooth waves, and triangular waves. These waves are explained below: Square wave: By considering the square wave below which is produced by the key in a piano: This type of wave has a period of T= 2 and = , the integration can be done on the sections of t = 0, to t=1and t=1 to t=2. To find the Fourier series of this square wave, there is need of calculating the coefficients bn, an, and a0. Sawtooth wave: This type of waveform is also produced by the piano when specific keys are pressed. The Fourier series for this type of waveform is as shown in the equation below: The diagram of the sawtooth waves is as shown in the figure below: Triangular wave: This is another example of the waveform produced by the sound waves of the piano(Lenssen 217). The Fourier series of the waveform of this triangular wave is as shown in the equation below: The diagram of the triangular wave produced by the sound waves from the piano as shown in the figure below: The piano can be categorized as chordophone and the part involved in the vibration is the stretched string. When the string of the piano is plucked as shown in the figure below, the amplitude of every mode of harmonic and overtone can be predicted: By the use of the method of measuring the Fourier coefficients, it is possible to determine the amplitude of every harmonic tone. There is need to know that every mode has its own frequency movement and also its own shape before being plucked(Ravetz 167). The shape of the mode after being released should also be determined as shown below: Every harmonic of the sound waves from the piano has its own oscillation frequency, the m-th harmonic propagates m times that of the fundamental mode or at a frequency fm = mf0. Fourier series and Analysis of Sound waves from Keyboard Just like in the sound waves from a piano, the sound waves from the keyboard are made up of complex waves composed of square waves, triangular waves, and sawtooth waves. A wave of sound coming out of an instrument of music such as keyboard or piano pushes the air backwards or forward during the outward propagation of sound. This has the impact of pulling or squeezing the air around the instrument by varying the pressure of air slightly. The difference between the sounds produced by the piano and keyboard is the vibration produced by each of these instruments(Joseph 168). The piano can be categorized as chordophone and the part involved in the vibration is the stretched string. The keyboard can be categorized as an electrophone and the part involved in the vibration is the electric circuit. Both piano and keyboard naturally vibrate at numerous related frequencies which are commonly known as harmonics. In the determination of the frequency of the component that is present in the musical note from the keyboard, there is need of computing the Fourier series of the musical note that has been the sample(Lenssen 275). When a single key of the keyboard (B) was pressed, the following sound wave was produced an electric circuit as measured by the oscilloscope: The Fourier transform of the above signal of the sound waves from the keyboard with the major focus being on the amplitude and the frequency of the signal is as shown in the figure below: For the analysis of the sound waves produced by the keyboard, there is need to re-synthesize the same sound wave by incorporating the component of frequency as shown in the Fourier analysis. Hence the convergence summation of all the periods of the square waves, triangle waves, and sawtooth waves produced by the keyboard can be represented by the Fourier series. The coefficients of the series above are samples of the function of the related continuous time(Dorfler 289). Hence a convergent summation of all the periods of different types sound waves in the in the sound of the keyboard can be represented by the equation below, whose coefficients are samples of a function of related continuous time as shown the equation below: The fundamental frequency is a characteristic shared of all the keys in the keyboard. The lowest frequency in the series of harmonics is the fundamental frequency. In the signal that is periodic, the fundamental frequency is the inverse of the length of the period(Ravetz 149). The Fourier series an analysis is applied in many areas in the field of mathematics and also music. Some of the areas in which the Fourier series and analysis is applied include thin-walled shell theory, econometrics, quantum mechanics, image processing, signal processing, optics, acoustics, and vibration analysis. In music, this analysis is used in the development of different musical equipment to produce different tones required(Harry 248). Conclusion This research paper is about the use of Fourier series and analysis to differentiate the sound waves produced by a piano and keyboard. Fourier analysis was discovered by Joseph Fourier by finding out that any periodic wave with a pattern that is repeating may be broken down into waves that are simpler. The difference between the sounds produced by the piano and keyboard is the vibration produced by each of these instruments. The piano can be categorized as chordophone and the part involved in the vibration is the stretched string. The keyboard can be categorized as an electrophone and the part involved in the vibration is the electric circuit. Both piano and keyboard naturally vibrate at numerous related frequencies which are commonly known as harmonics. Work Cited Dorfler, Monika. "What TimeFrequency Analysis Can Do To Music Signals,. London: William Publication, 2013. Hammond, Nicola. Mathematics of Music. Colorado: UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research XIV, 2012. Harry. Music, Physics and Engineering. London: Dover Publications, 2014. Joe, Wolfe. "What is a Sound Spectrum?". New York: ww.phys.unsw.edu.au/~jw/sound.spectrum.html. , 2011. Joseph, George. The Crest of the Peacock. Perth: Princeton University Press, 2014. Lenssen, Neone. An Introduction to Fourier Analysis with Applications to Music. Paris: Journal of Humanistic Mathematics, 2013. Lionheart, Bavon. Fourier Series. 2014: from https://www.maths.manchester.ac.uk/~bl/teaching/2m2/fseries, 2016. Ravetz, Joseph Fourier 1768-1830. London: Institute of Technology, 2011. Robertson, Kay. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier. Michigan: School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St. Andrews, 2013. Tymoczko, David. A Geometry of Music. Colorado: Harmony and Counterpoint in the Extended Common Practice, 2013. William, John. Timefrequency Analysis of Musical Signals. Moscow: IEEE, 2012.